Many advantages of permanent magnet contactor, a novel permanent magnet contactor

Based on the many advantages of permanent magnetic contactor, we propose a new type of permanent contacts that Nanocomposite permanent magnetic material contacts. Nanocomposite permanent magnetic alloy is a new type of permanent magnet alloy, combining the advantages of this type of alloys with high hard magnetic and soft magnetic anisotropy with high saturation magnetization, magnetic nano-scale  circuit breakers  two phases exchange coupling high integrated magnetic properties. It combines the dual characteristics of soft and hard magnetic materials, high saturation magnetization of both soft magnetic materials have high coercivity hard  Voltage stabilizer . Almost reversible magnetization characteristic curve, which magnetization, magnetic went well. And has the potential maximum magnetic energy product, it is possible to maintain the permanent magnet closed. This analysis shows that the material properties of the material is suitable for permanent magnetic contactor.

High-voltage vacuum contactor failure

High-voltage vacuum contactor is a high-voltage electrical control, power system used in high-voltage motors, power transformers, capacitors and other electrical equipment, remote control and frequent operations. Its generally used in conjunction with current-limiting fuses: Vacuum contactors are used to open and close operation of the electrical equipment running or stopped; fuse for short circuit protection,  mcb circuit breaker melt breaking short-circuit current, cutting off electrical equipment failure. Based on years of field work, encountered more than high-voltage vacuum  circuit breakers , such as closing low voltage failure, the contact resistance is exceeded, the contactor tripping, etc., now the process to organize, for reference. Mechanically held contactors action principle, closing coil energized, the drive rocker closing solenoid driven insulation makes main contact is closed, the closing is completed by the closing contactor locking device will remain in the closing state; closing solenoid opening spring action during compression; sub-gate trip coil energized, the drive to make the closing of gate solenoid locking device tripping driven by the opening spring operating mechanism to achieve sub-gate.

Electricity substation remote monitoring system is a product of the development of automation technology

With the digital image communication technology and multimedia technology, the implementation in the substation remote video surveillance system to solve the visualization of the substation site and environmental monitoring issues for the realization of "unattended, fewer people on duty" to provide a reliable guarantee. Remote viewing system is the power substation automation technology product development, and due to the safe operation of unmanned substation needs generated power system  circuit breakers  system involves the study of video surveillance of key technologies, the substation remote video system design and implementation study has some value in  electric meter . Unmanned substation operation and management has become the main mode of unattended substation is the main technical means implementing substation automation, automated computer protection, data acquisition, measurement, device or remotely, remote adjustment, parameter adjustment and various signal monitoring other functions.

Transformer fault diagnosis, there is a large number of expert experience

With the continuous development of the electricity market, people on the reliability of power supply put forward higher requirements, which requires electricity to run the department as soon as possible from planned maintenance to condition-based  electri cenergy meter  mechanism to changes in the mechanism. In recent years, with the oil chromatographic analyzer successful development of online and digital signal processing technology and other related areas of continuous development  mcb circuit breaker , making this  circuit breakers  possible. In transformer fault diagnosis, there is a large number of expert experience, it is difficult to establish a precise mathematical model. The expert system was able to effectively solve this kind of problem, the information is incomplete or uncertain circumstances, still be able to give a more reasonable conclusion.

Power Transformer Fault Detection Technology Research

Power transformer fault location method of providing practical basis. Analysis of power transformer fault detection technology, to further explore the power transformer internal  electric meter  and effective way. The use of fault tree analysis techniques (FTA) to build a power transformer internal fault classification tree model, will be  circuit breakers  into electric power transformer fault localization studies. Study the characteristics of ant colony algorithm, principles, algorithms and implementation process model. Pheromone ant colony algorithm, the information heuristic function factor, the number of ants, ant colony algorithm expectations inspired performance factors on the impact of simulation studies.

Impulse voltage generator is a device used to generate lightning impulse

In the high-voltage technique, the individual unipolar voltage pulse is called impulse voltage. Surge voltage variation with time and duration depends on its generated. Impulse voltage generator is a kind of  Voltage stabilizer  to generate lightning impulse. circuit breakers line will be on the line lightning caused a sharp rise in voltage and generates a flow wave propagation along the way, it is possible to damage the insulation of  mcb circuit breaker  systems. This over-voltage amplitude level, up to several million volts. Lightning over-voltage characteristics of the wave front rise time is short, from about a fraction of the tens of microseconds, and then slow down to zero.

In the high-power electron beam and ion beam generator and the carbon dioxide laser, as a power supply unit

Produce artificial lightning and switching impulse voltage of the device. It produces mainly for insulation impulse voltage impulse withstand voltage or discharge test purposes. In the high-power  Voltage stabilizer  and ion beam generator and the carbon dioxide laser, as a power supply unit, which contains a high voltage storage capacitor, from the DC high voltage source to charge several seconds, and then through the discharge gap is suddenly discharged through the resistor,  power transformers  frontier impulse  circuit breakers . Shock wave duration in microseconds, typically tens of kilovolts peak voltage volts to a few megabytes. Impulse voltage waveform impulse voltage generator can produce meet International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Chinese national standard.

The optical signal to control the amount of expansion and contraction of the ceramic sheet, light control servo system to achieve

An optical servo system controls the application of new light  machine conversion devices. As a ceramic sheet having a polarized light-induced expansion and contraction effect, therefore, the optical signal to control the amount of expansion and contraction of the ceramic sheet, achieve optical servo control system which completely eliminates the conventional servo system, the electromagnetic interference.  air circuit breaker  show that the ceramic piece in a different spectrum, light irradiation, showing a strong ceramic photoelectric effect. Photoelectric effects include pyroelectric effect and the photovoltaic effect, both light-induced stretching effect, the light intensity of the illumination light into a voltage proportional to the light Primax shrinkage voltage and a linear  circuit breakers  the light, so light intensity can be controlled according to the ceramic sheet the amount of stretching is entirely possible for optical control servo system. Keywords light control servo system; optical implementation of the device; photovoltaic effect; pyroelectric effect; photovoltaic effect;  electric meter  telescopic effect CLC is a micro-mechanical servo system of the target position, speed, power, precision, high-speed control drive system the micro-mechanical devices, more conventional servo systems based on electromagnetic manner, the electromagnetic interference is inevitable.

Modern power supply unit, the electric precipitator is automatically adjusted to maintain the operating conditions of the electrode of the electrical

From the known voltage characteristics of corona discharge, the corona current electrode voltage is non-linear relationship  Voltage stabilizer , the operating mode voltage slightly (if 1%), it will cause a substantial corona current (corresponding to 5%) decreased, which reduces the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.  mcb circuit breaker  supply unit, the electric precipitator is automatically adjusted to the operating conditions of the electric potential on the sustain  circuit breakers  maximum. Is the voltage to maintain a high value, the total held in the breakdown of the edges, but without arcing occurs. Practice has proved that use the manual adjustment to maintain the maximum possible voltage electrodes is not feasible.

The basic principle of photoelectric transformer waves through the magneto-optical material whose plane of polarization is rotated

With fiber-optic sensing technology, optical fiber communication technology, the rapid development of photovoltaic technology in the power system more widely . Photoelectric Transformer is one of them . Photoelectric transformer with small size, light weight, band response width , no saturation phenomenon , anti- air circuit breaker  interference , good performance, oil-free structure , insulation , reliable, easy to digital, computer development and many other advantages , in digital substation widely application . Meanwhile , intelligent switches, photoelectric transformer , a run -line state detection equipment , substation operator  power transformers  technology matures , and computer high-speed network in the development and application of real-time systems , substation automation systems are moving to an all digital direction . The basic principle of  circuit breakers  light through optical materials will occur when the polarization plane rotation, rotation angle measured to determine the size of the measured current . Passive type photoelectric transformer does not require high-pressure part of its electronic circuits and has a more compact structure and more reliable impact resistant insulated surge current capability and capacity , is the true meaning of optoelectronic products.

In the transformer no-load input power supply or external fault voltage recovery process after resection

Transformer differential protection as main protection for quick removal transformer internal fault plays an important role. Load power on the transformer or the external fault voltage Electric energy meter process, are generated inrush current, especially in the closing voltage of 0 V, the magnetic flux in the transformer core increases rapidly, instantaneously saturate the iron core, there big impact excitation current value (up to 5 to 10 times the rated current), often referred to as  circuit breakers . Inrush current treatment directly affects the choice of means to the differential protection action behavior may lead to differential protection tripping or malfunction. Transfer from the hot spare transformer operation, main transformer, the ratio differential protection tripped the switch on each side of the main transformer; transformer, the percentage  air circuit breaker  again the action, jump on each side of the main transformer switch. Differential protection immediately after the inspection station equipment without exception; relevant checks carried out on the transformer, primary equipment insulation inspection and oil samples for testing are satisfactory; protection device checks the 2nd Main Transformer Protection of second harmonic restraint and related protection logic function tests, the action is correct.

Converter station to prevent the spread of fires and major facilities, including fire detection and alarm system

Converter station to prevent the spread of fires and major facilities, including fire detection and alarm systems, fire water systems and other fire fighting facilities. Because of the special status and operational characteristics of the system, the converter  mcb circuit breaker  protection systems require a higher reliability. Currently the world is no converter station fire protection systems standards. Statistics show that in addition to converter valve and the valve hall, converter stations from other  circuit breakers  and buildings caused by fire is not much. Converter valve is the core of the converter station equipment, valves and valve hall commutation converter station fire protection systems is critical. With the increasing cable line, Cable Joints induced failure probability increased.

Intermodal interference stress measurement sensors have become an attractive method

Optical fiber sensor with high sensitivity, good reliability, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, high pressure, good electrical insulation properties and other characteristics, has become a research hotspot in the field of sensors. In recent years, based on polarization maintaining fiber mcb circuit breaker  interference principle of fiber optic sensor has been more attention, intermodal interference stress measurement sensors have become an attractive approach. With traditional arms interferometric fiber optic sensors,  Voltage stabilizer  interference sensors have better anti-interference ability and temperature stability, flexible structure can be used to design a variety of fiber optic sensors have been widely used in current and voltage measurements, the sound of water and water pressure measurement, stress measurement and so on.  circuit breakers  the conventional polarization maintaining fiber, polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber (Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber, PM-PCF) has good temperature stability and higher sensitivity. In a certain wavelength range, polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber to polarization-mode transmission line LP11 LP01 mode and even mode, these patterns after transmission in the fiber at the output of interference.

Compared to the high and low voltage prefabricated transformer

Combined Transformer (also known as the American box changed) in the country has been running more than ten years, has developed into a mature combination of power distribution equipment. Compared to the high and low voltage prefabricated transformer (ie European box changes), combined transformer has its distinct advantages, of course, there are some downsides. The origin of the current domestic  circuit breakers  low-voltage modular power distribution unit is generally divided into two types:  power transformers  Substation (ie European box changes) and modular  Circuit breaker (ie American box changed). European box changes from the 1970s into China, dominate the domestic market, to the 1990s, is called American box combined power distribution unit to enter the Chinese market. In the United States, the American box is an oil-immersed distribution transformers, known as the Taiwan-mounted distribution transformers.

Economically developed areas, the preferred construction of nuclear power plants

Human energy use has been reduced from the traditional coal resources gradually turned against nuclear, wind, solar and biomass energy development such use. Nuclear energy for its safe, clean environment, and economic advantages of higher, has been rapid development. China's development of nuclear power from the situation, the state invested gradually increase the intensity. In economically developed areas, the preferred nuclear  air circuit breaker construction. In the nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power equipment has made great progress. Class 1E nuclear power plant nuclear power plants in dry-type transformers are  circuit breakers  powered devices. Class 1E nuclear power plant nuclear power plant for dry-type power transformer Class 1E electrical systems, from medium voltage (10kV class) switchgear by electricity, by the power distribution board to the Class 1E 380V load power supply.

Do not connect with the external atmosphere, can be used in a more hostile environment

Without insulating oil of the transformer. By type are: ① open type, which is connected with the atmosphere through the body, suitable for clean and relatively dry indoor environment; ② closed, the body has a closed shell, so that do not connect with the external  electri cenergy meter , can be used more hostile environment; ③ mastic, epoxy or other resin casting as insulation, its small size, light weight, easy to install, easy to maintain, no fire and explosion hazard, suitable for high-rise  circuit breakers , subways and other fire safety requirements of high place. Conditions of use of the product, in addition to the general requirements of the same transformer, it must also be installed in a well-ventilated place.

Encapsulation type and gas-insulated winding type

Core and windings are not immersed in the insulating liquid of the transformer. Dry-type transformers using gas or solid insulating medium. According to their different insulation and cooling structure, dry-type transformers can be divided into immersion,  air circuit breaker  type and gas-insulated winding type and so on. Impregnated winding structure of its type and oil-immersed similar, winding through impregnation. The body  circuit breakers with the external atmosphere, also known as open-type, suitable for relatively dry and clean indoor environment (ambient temperature of +20 ℃, the relative humidity is less than 85%). Cold air from the cooling mode when the capacity of up to several thousand kVA, hair cools up to 10000 kV · A above.

General control circuit components required more significant number of contacts

Using relays, contactors and other control buttons on electrical motors or other electrical equipment on or off automatic control system, called the relay contactor system. It is widely used in machining control, power transmission and distribution system, elevator control, and air conditioning and refrigeration equipment control and so on. Because the system is by controlling the state of the contact element and that a logical relationship, it is generally required many components of the control circuit, a large number of contacts. This characteristic to the line maintenance caused great difficulties. I work in practice summed up a set method --- relay contactor control system functions chain  electri cenergy meter and troubleshooting chart column method. Are presented below for reference. Relay  circuit breakers system functions chain control system wiring diagram is a schematic representation, in accordance with component action sequence, indicating that the control circuit functions chain diagram. It clearly reflects the control lines and achieve functional correspondence between, helps to understand the working principle of control lines to help control the line maintenance and troubleshooting.

Achieve significant speed difference and work into fast-forward

Mechanical power slide by the slide, slide and dual motor drive unit consists of three parts, the automatic working cycle slide by the mechanical transmission and electrical control is completed. In one cycle, to achieve the fast forward speed varies widely and work into, the ratio is usually up to 300:1. Fast forward, fast forward and rewind the motor to achieve,  power transformers  work into the motor to achieve. When the fast-forward into the motor while the motor and engineering work, the fast forward speed of the fast forward speed of the original plus a Work Speeds, rewind,  circuit breakers to the original speed minus a work into speed. Feed motor for the job, M2 is fast motion motor trip switch for the in situ conversion work for the end of the feed limit switch limit switch limit switch to limit protection. Off electromagnetic brake brake brake solenoid.

Mathematical derivation of error-prone, is not practical

In the design of the relay - contactor control circuit frequently encountered when multiple occurrences of the same label contacts phenomenon, and cost savings in order to simplify the circuit design must be simplified for contacts. In the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification, the specific methods are logical expressions simplification and experience Simplification, the former requires the designer has a  air circuit breaker  derivation ability, when the control circuit is more complex, due to the logical expression too cumbersome and error-prone process of mathematical deduction, is not practical; latter mainly depends on the designer's electrical controls design experience, the results are often not the most  circuit breakers  circuits. Therefore, to find a theory is relatively simple, uncomplicated application simplification tool for relay - contactor control circuit design is important. I will be commonly used in electronic circuit simplification Karnaugh map used in the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification to study the Karnaugh map in the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification of the application.