Method using hardware and functional method to divide power transformer composition

The risk of failure and status maintenance decision methods and other key issues in-depth study: ① power  electric meter  failure modes and effects analysis. Power transformer on the structure and function of depth and detailed analysis, based on the method of using a combination of hardware and functional method for power transformer  electri cenergy meter  is divided, and then the various components of all possible failure modes and effects of in-depth analysis, to avoid a complete according to the system structure failure mode and effects analysis of the complexity of the transformer reliability and fault risk assessment basis. ② based on multi-characteristic parameters of the power transformer fault probability comprehensive evaluation method.

Health and insulation transformer operating conditions determine

Power transformers are grid energy conversion, transmission core, is the power of the most important and one of the most critical equipment. Over the years, the health of the transformer and insulation determine operating conditions through preventive tests and regular electric transformer outage to achieve such status regardless of the actual operation of the transformer, "maturity required" maintenance mode, prone to "over-repair "and" less maintenance "state. Therefore, in the power system reliability and  mcb circuit breaker  request of the state instead of regular maintenance, repair power transformer maintenance mode has become an inevitable trend. In this paper, the power transformer failure modes and effects analysis, based on the respect of the reliability of the transformer fault probability of occurrence.

The basic theory of modern product design and technology is based on the knowledge-driven product design

Design is a highly intelligent man with creative activities, modern product design is based on the knowledge of the design. Knowledge-based new product competition in the 21st century technological core of the competition. Therefore, the knowledge-based engineering technology to the field of product design has important Electric energy meter  significance and practical value. The basic theory of modern product design is based on knowledge and technology-driven product design  oltage stabilizer  of the theoretical basis of systematic study. This article on the concept of knowledge, knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition and knowledge  power transformers such as artificial intelligence theory and issues related to the analysis and modern design techniques are described, the in-depth study of a knowledge-driven product design based on the architecture. Knowledge representation and reasoning system key technologies. Since the 19th century, since the advent of the transformer, has been 100 years of history. In the hundred years of history, as one of the important equipment power system power transformers, and power system development, but also gained rapid development.

With several volts to 100 volts high voltage conversion ratio of the boost converter

Piezoelectric actuator (piezoeieetric Actuator) because of its compact size and high resolution displacement is widely used in a variety of applications, especially in the smart phone / camera modules of the application more popular. The application of the mobile device, while the existing power supply is a low battery, but still high driving voltage driving the piezoelectric actuator in order to electric transformer performance mobile phone many applications, so it is necessary to use a few volts to 100 volts high voltage conversion ratio of the boost converter. Traditional boost DC to DC (DC a DC) converter or a boost converter is not suitable for electri cenergy meter  where a high voltage conversion ratio, since the boost inductor equivalent series resistance (ESR), disables the output  electric meter  is higher than the input voltage is increased by 10-fold above. This article describes the coupled inductors with high boost DC-DC converter, with an indication of its working principle and design considerations. There boost inductor equivalent series resistance continuous conduction mode voltage conversion ratio.

Intermodal interference stress measurement sensors have become an attractive method

Optical fiber sensor with high sensitivity, good reliability, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, high pressure, good electrical insulation properties and other characteristics, has become a research hotspot in the field of sensors. In recent years, based on polarization maintaining fiber mcb circuit breaker  interference principle of fiber optic sensor has been more attention, intermodal interference stress measurement sensors have become an attractive approach. With traditional arms interferometric fiber optic sensors,  Voltage stabilizer  interference sensors have better anti-interference ability and temperature stability, flexible structure can be used to design a variety of fiber optic sensors have been widely used in current and voltage measurements, the sound of water and water pressure measurement, stress measurement and so on.  circuit breakers  the conventional polarization maintaining fiber, polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber (Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber, PM-PCF) has good temperature stability and higher sensitivity. In a certain wavelength range, polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber to polarization-mode transmission line LP11 LP01 mode and even mode, these patterns after transmission in the fiber at the output of interference.

Widely used in fiber optic gyroscope, fiber polarization interferometer, and other areas of optical fiber sensing

Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is a new type of special optical fiber cladding are arranged in periodic or random distribution of the air micrometer holes in the design and preparation of the PCF has a greater flexibility. Through the introduction of the core near the stress element, or adjust the air hole size and arrangement, can obtain a high birefringence PCF. With conventional polarization maintaining fiber (PMF), compared with high  electric meter  PCF higher sensitivity, better  air circuit breaker  stability, polarization maintaining better performance, etc., can be widely used in fiber optic gyroscope, fiber polarization interferometer, and other areas of optical fiber sensing . In this thesis, exploration and research of high birefringence PCF Modular Interference Characteristics of the optical voltage transformer in the application of optical current / voltage Voltage stabilizer  implementations provide a new idea. This paper describes a high birefringence birefringent PCF in principle and its application status in the sensing area, as well as domestic and optical voltage transformer basic working principle and its research development status, on this basis, analyzes the high double refraction between the PCF mode interference properties, and high birefringence PCF based Modular Interference optical voltage transformer conducted exploratory research.

Long-term distribution transformers in a "big horse car" state

Distribution transformers often serious overload operation: In the off-season electricity transformer load is low, and close to the transformer part-load operation, thus leading to a long-term  Voltage stabilizer  transformers in a "big horse car" state, making the transformer empty load losses relative increase, resulting in a large number of unnecessary power waste of resources. And the choice of "Mother and Child  air circuit breaker " will greatly increase investment. While many parts of the country without load transfer capacity distribution transformers, but power transformers of the electrician can not master the correct way to use volume adjustment function of distribution transformers in use has not been fully utilized. Load increases, the failure to adjust to large-capacity operation mode, adjust volume transformer burned frequent accidents.

Energy loss reduction issues related to both the vast rural areas to provide quality electricity to millions of households

Power Systems Energy Conservation is building a moderately prosperous society in an important part of one particularly rural distribution network, towers, its energy loss reduction issues related to both the vast rural areas to provide quality mcb circuit breaker  to millions of households, but also electricity directly affect economic efficiency of enterprises. As we all know, the transformer losses accounted for most of the loss distribution network, and its no-load loss and load loss with  lectri cenergy meter capacity increases. In China's rural distribution network, the load seasonal fluctuations, seasonal strong, centralized power characteristics. Electricity more concentrated in the busy season.

Transformer losses and operating costs between

Necessary to use a start of pumping with a large capacity, in the normal operation pumping unit has a small capacity, the capacity can be adjusted for the modulation capacity transformer. The project studied load transfer capacity of the transformer principle is the use of  power transformers capacity and loss of the relationship electri cenergy meter the transformer losses and the relationship between the running costs, from the "road" point of view, the use of the time-domain equivalent sine wave the equivalent circuit method and frequency-domain equivalent circuit combination form of time domain - frequency domain method is applied to the transformer characteristics of deduced load transfer capacity of the transformer magnetic circuit model and the model.

Left a large distribution transformer capacity margin

For pumping the load carried by the distribution transformer, the maximum load torque at the start, the maximum output power distribution transformer, the starting period of time, the load torque becomes smaller, the output power distribution  electri cenergy meter  is greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of pumping starter, left a large  Voltage stabilizer  transformer capacity margin. The transformer load is low rate of long-term working status, resulting in a waste of transformer capacity and active and reactive power losses, reducing the efficiency of the transformer, increasing the net loss for the reduction to the pumping power distribution transformers losses.

Component parts include: transformer winding (Dyn11, Yyn0) the body, the cabinet housing

Combined Transformer is the body of the transformer, switchgear, fuses, tap combination and the corresponding auxiliary equipment transformers, also known as box-type transformer in the country also known as American box. Its constituent parts, including:  electri cenergy meter  winding (Dyn11, Yyn0) the body, box casing, inlet and outlet tube wells, connecting leads, load switch, back-up fuse, insert the fuse,  mcb circuit breaker  indicating instrument, tap, low outlet terminals, low-voltage circuit breakers, compensation capacitors, high voltage cable accessories. As most of the lead parts are installed in the transformer tank, and its connection to the tank after running process determines whether there is the possibility of oil leakage, although manufacturers in the box transformer factory have adopted strict process measures, but due to put into operation site conditions vary, connecting parts of the oil leakage situation occur, the author personally come into contact with several oil leakage and treatment methods to do a detailed introduction.

Products, the problem is not caused by lack of protection of electrical design department enough attention

From the combined transformer in our country began to promote to the current widespread use around after less than a decade. From the power sector during the design of the product to the factory in China have made ​​a lot of insight applicability of these insights on the localization of modular transformer has played a positive role.  air circuit breaker , the current combined transformer actual use of the situation, the majority did not take lack of protection measures, which shows the lack of protection of the product problem is not caused by electrical design  power transformers attention, combined transformer missing running on the hazards sex is not universal and profound understanding. Combined transformers in use process, if one occurs relatively low short circuit fault or overload occurs long time, especially in summer heat overload, are likely to lead to the high pressure side plug-in fuse blown.

Transformer over-voltage protection to achieve

Overcurrent protection by the high pressure side series of the "plug-in fuse and current-limiting fuses" to achieve; overvoltage protection by high-pressure side of the installation elbow arresters to achieve, to avoid being struck by lightning  air circuit breaker  modular transformers and systems operating over-voltage damage. Here the main analysis combined transformer overvoltage protection to achieve, to be able to effectively implement the combined transformer  electric transformer  protection, we must fully understand the characteristics of elbow arresters, and selection principles, using the specification. The following sections will elaborate. Combined Transformer arrester selection principles and the use of standardized elbow arrester is gapless metal oxide surge arresters, so we mainly works from the metal oxide surge arresters, combined transformer used elbow arresters particularity, the choice to use the principles and elbow arresters specification, analysis combined transformer overvoltage protection implementation.

Long distance overhead power distribution grid and spiders

With the expansion of urban construction and economic development of modern environmental considerations, in the past that focus on blood pressure, long distance and cobweb-style overhead power distribution grid has become increasingly lagging behind the development of modern urban power supply. Now urban network  electric transformer  and transformation requires high pressure directly into the city, load center substation equipment, power transmission through underground cables,  Voltage stabilizer  equipment coordinated with the surrounding environment. Also requires safe and reliable power distribution equipment, high-performance (ie, low loss, low noise, high short-circuit strength), size is becoming smaller, easy installation, maintenance or less to maintain. Combined Transformer is such a new distribution equipment. Combined Transformer is the body of the transformer, switchgear, fuses, tap combination and the corresponding auxiliary equipment transformers.

Compared to the high and low voltage prefabricated transformer

Combined Transformer (also known as the American box changed) in the country has been running more than ten years, has developed into a mature combination of power distribution equipment. Compared to the high and low voltage prefabricated transformer (ie European box changes), combined transformer has its distinct advantages, of course, there are some downsides. The origin of the current domestic  circuit breakers  low-voltage modular power distribution unit is generally divided into two types:  power transformers  Substation (ie European box changes) and modular  Circuit breaker (ie American box changed). European box changes from the 1970s into China, dominate the domestic market, to the 1990s, is called American box combined power distribution unit to enter the Chinese market. In the United States, the American box is an oil-immersed distribution transformers, known as the Taiwan-mounted distribution transformers.

Safe and reliable operation of the transformer are inseparable

Power transformer is the core component of the power system, is conducting, distributing electricity energy hub, the majority of power quality and power users of the safety of the entire system, and safe and reliable operation of the transformer is  air circuit breaker  open. Health of the power transformer to determine their reliability and the design of the transformer construction, materials, structures, and repair and maintenance are closely related. This article from the power system  Voltage stabilizer  short circuit ability to explore ways to improve.  power transformers  is the transmission and distribution of electrical energy hub, is the core component of the power grid and its reliable operation not only to the majority of users of power quality, but also to the safety of the entire system. The reliability of power transformers by health decision depends not only on design and manufacturing, construction, maintenance and repair are also closely related.

Improve power transformers transformer short circuit ability of the security measures

The saturation magnetic flux density is inversely proportional to the operating frequency, so that the operating frequency can be increased to improve the utilization of the core, thereby reducing the size of the transformer and to improve its overall efficiency. Power transformer short circuit ability to improve measures to  mcb circuit breaker , economical and reliable operation, depending on the quality of their manufacturing and  power transformers  environment and the quality of maintenance. This paper describes the process of operation and maintenance of the transformer, the transformer effective prevention measures to sudden failure. Regular grid relay malfunction or reject the action caused a short circuit, short-circuit current strong impact may damage the transformer, it should strive to improve all aspects of the transformer short-circuit withstand capability.

The frequency signal through power electronic circuits into a high-frequency signal

Power transformer is mainly used in power electronics technology, the basic principle is the power frequency signal through power electronic circuits into a high-frequency signal, ie upscaling and high frequency isolation transformer coupling  electri cenergy meter , and then restore the frequency signal, the reduced frequency. By using appropriate control programs to control the operation of the device power  air circuit breaker , which will one frequency, voltage, power conversion waveform to another frequency, voltage, power waveform. The volume of the intermediate isolation transformer core material depends on the saturation magnetic flux density and the winding core and the maximum allowable temperature rise.

Powerful short-circuit current will cause overheating and burn the winding insulation

Large transformers in an increasing number of grid operation. These transformers will inevitably be a variety of short-circuit accident threat, in the event of a short circuit, short-circuit current will cause a strong overheat and burn out the winding insulation. Meanwhile, the huge electric power will cause winding deformation, mcb circuit breaker expansion into inter-turn, short circuit between cake and even the body collapse out. Therefore, the power sector and the majority of users of the transformer  Circuit breaker  higher reliability requirements. Requires adapter have adequate dynamic stability and thermal stability, in order to ensure safe operation of the transformer. In order to check the transformer dynamic and thermal stability, have asked the transformer short-circuit test, to test its mechanical strength.

Improve transformer short circuit ability to become more and more attention

Accident damaged transformers in the power system, due to external short circuit caused by the large proportion of the extent of the damage is relatively heavy, the transformer manufacturers and run sector, improving the transformer short circuit ability to become more and more important issue. In this paper, two-winding power  mcb circuit breaker  OLTC instance, talk about the increased level 220kV power transformer short circuit ability of effective measures. Short analysis of electric power transformer winding leakage current carrying conductor in a magnetic field exposed the role of electric power at rated current, the electric power  Electric transformer . When a short circuit occurs, the current through the winding rated current than an order of magnitude, when the electric power is two orders of magnitude. During short-circuit current is continuously changing, and the winding and other components under the action of the electric power will produce displacement, this displacement of the winding and the other components of the material, the inertial force and the pre-pressing force of the friction effect displacement force, and therefore short-circuit electrical power analysis is a very complex and dynamic process analysis, this issue a great deal of analysis of domestic and international studies. Below is a brief description of the qualitative short-circuit power transformer windings and other components in the role of the case.

On the basis of operating experience technological innovation, developed to meet the life and performance of nuclear power use

As nuclear safety and reliability of nuclear power plants with the requirements of Class 1E electrical system equipment made ​​of high quality requirements, at the conclusion of dry-type transformers (mainly referring to epoxy mastic) manufactured on the basis of operating experience technological innovation, research and the life and  mcb circuit breaker  of nuclear power use to meet dry-type transformers. Shunda  electric transformer  Tianwei Tianwei Group Co., Ltd. and Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, through technical cooperation, developed a nuclear power plant Class 1E polyamide (Nomex) paper non-encapsulated dry-type transformers, and has passed the Technology Department Organization experts.

Economically developed areas, the preferred construction of nuclear power plants

Human energy use has been reduced from the traditional coal resources gradually turned against nuclear, wind, solar and biomass energy development such use. Nuclear energy for its safe, clean environment, and economic advantages of higher, has been rapid development. China's development of nuclear power from the situation, the state invested gradually increase the intensity. In economically developed areas, the preferred nuclear  air circuit breaker construction. In the nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power equipment has made great progress. Class 1E nuclear power plant nuclear power plants in dry-type transformers are  circuit breakers  powered devices. Class 1E nuclear power plant nuclear power plant for dry-type power transformer Class 1E electrical systems, from medium voltage (10kV class) switchgear by electricity, by the power distribution board to the Class 1E 380V load power supply.

Dry type transformer coil encapsulated and non-encapsulated coil and two kinds of dry-type transformers

In the current network reconstruction and urban network planning, the dry-type transformer resin and filler (mainly quartz sand) casting, so-called thick excellent performance is its unique and widely used. Insulation; C. Glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin casting, GB6450-86 provides that measures core dry-type transformers and lines is called a thin insulating structure towel, multi-strand glass fiber impregnated with epoxy resin ring is not  Circuit breaker  in an insulating liquid a  electri cenergy meter  winding in the structure of fat and other four. Currently most of the countries and regions in the world can be divided into dry type transformer coil encapsulated and non-encapsulated dry-type transformers and coils are two main  power transformers  between the two products although somewhat in the shape junction area with solid insulation will coil encapsulated, this article focuses on a ring types, are structured in the form of coils only epoxy resin encapsulated dry-type transformers are reviewed. High voltage winding (10 ~ 36kV) or impregnated epoxy resin cast dry-type transformers, referred to generally cylindrical multi-layer or multi-layer sub-structure;

Wire around the head at a speed determined by the rotation of the mandrel relative motion

Defined on a fixed work content (1) In addition to the fixed content of the work has been described in various sections defined processes, but also includes: construction electric transformer , equipment, transportation equipment, tools and instruments inside, unpacking inspection, installation, adjustment test, ending, clean, with quality inspection, cross-tie between jobs, temporary mobile water supply stop time. (2) The scale does not  mcb circuit breaker  10kV special projects and professional installation of electrical equipment, electrical equipment (such as electric motors, etc.) with the mechanical equipment for single commissioning and joint commissioning work. Winding a wire head speed determined by the rotation of the mandrel relative movement, the relative velocity based on the size of the design thickness of the winding layer, the winding layer thicker, the speed should be slower.

Low heat level to determine system Insulation Rating

Heat insulation dry-type transformers and the determination of other solid insulation of electrical devices, is composed of different solid dielectric composite  Air circuit breaker with air insulation system, how to determine the system's thermal insulation levels, is an issue of great concern to the user. Dry type transformer coils, for example, we believe that the most close to a heat source (heating element) of  air circuit breaker  to determine the minimum level of heat insulation rating system is more scientific, then the dry-type transformers, most close to the wire heating undoubtedly the strands body interturn insulation and insulation, of course, should also include a layer of pressure foil coil insulation.

Widely used in high-rise buildings, underground facilities, populated areas

Dry-type transformers due to environmental features excellent, simple structure, easy maintenance, there are fire and flame retardant, etc., are widely used in high-rise buildings, underground facilities, populated areas, as well as power, transportation,  air circuit breaker , metallurgy and other industries from the 20th century. 1950s, the domestic enterprises have begun production of dry-type transformers, especially in the last 20 years, the production enterprises to introduce foreign  electric meter  technology, China began large quantities of industrial production. This transformer operation will not pollute the environment, which is why dry-type transformers can be liquid filled transformers, especially the PCB or mineral oil-filled transformers ideal substitute.

The emergence of transformer oil transformer technology development made ​​an indelible achievements

Transformers overview of the development since the Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction has been more than a century ago is the earliest of the transformer dry-type transformers. Because of this transformer can not be bigger, high voltage can not do technically was extremely restricted. The emergence of transformer oil  Electric energy meter  technology  mcb circuit breaker  made ​​an indelible achievements. Currently, the transformer industry mainly to produce mainly oil-filled transformers, which accounts for about 60% of total capacity to 70%. Oil-filled transformers in use has some fatal flaws, limits its wide application, following a brief introduction about the advantages and disadvantages of oil-filled transformers.

E-glass fiber and its products

The transformer is an important power industry for substation equipment, ensure that the transformer operation safety and reliability, not only for the promotion of economic development and social progress of great significance, but also to ensure that people's lives and property also has a very important significance [1]. E-glass fiber and its  Electric transformer  with a series of excellent performance, especially good insulation properties, high heat resistance, has been in power electrical industry has been widely used. In recent years, due to the power transformer and  Air circuit breaker  progress and product upgrading, glass fiber and its products in the manufacture of dry-type transformers, has become an indispensable important material.

Electrified railways cast resin dry-type transformers

Vacuum casting resin insulation dry-type transformers are using new insulating materials and advanced technology production of a new transformer, because of its high adaptation filthy, hot, humid environment, flame retardant, fire, pollution, etc., are called energy type,  electric meter  protection, disaster prevention transformer, widely used at home and abroad. In order to develop suitable for China 275kV  electri cenergy meter  railways cast resin dry-type transformers. Through analysis that electrified railway transformer 275kV most characteristic and representative of traction substation, partitioning kiosks and other premises used for transformer, so make sure to start from the transformer research to develop a relevant  air circuit breaker  and technical specifications. 1999 completed three single-phase prototype design, manufacturing and various tests. Respectively, in Longhai line Yaocun partition kiosks and traction substation east of Xi'an, Baoji-Chengdu line Swallow acupuncture traction substation put into trial operation, normal operating conditions are safe.

Do not connect with the external atmosphere, can be used in a more hostile environment

Without insulating oil of the transformer. By type are: ① open type, which is connected with the atmosphere through the body, suitable for clean and relatively dry indoor environment; ② closed, the body has a closed shell, so that do not connect with the external  electri cenergy meter , can be used more hostile environment; ③ mastic, epoxy or other resin casting as insulation, its small size, light weight, easy to install, easy to maintain, no fire and explosion hazard, suitable for high-rise  circuit breakers , subways and other fire safety requirements of high place. Conditions of use of the product, in addition to the general requirements of the same transformer, it must also be installed in a well-ventilated place.

Encapsulation type and gas-insulated winding type

Core and windings are not immersed in the insulating liquid of the transformer. Dry-type transformers using gas or solid insulating medium. According to their different insulation and cooling structure, dry-type transformers can be divided into immersion,  air circuit breaker  type and gas-insulated winding type and so on. Impregnated winding structure of its type and oil-immersed similar, winding through impregnation. The body  circuit breakers with the external atmosphere, also known as open-type, suitable for relatively dry and clean indoor environment (ambient temperature of +20 ℃, the relative humidity is less than 85%). Cold air from the cooling mode when the capacity of up to several thousand kVA, hair cools up to 10000 kV · A above.

General control circuit components required more significant number of contacts

Using relays, contactors and other control buttons on electrical motors or other electrical equipment on or off automatic control system, called the relay contactor system. It is widely used in machining control, power transmission and distribution system, elevator control, and air conditioning and refrigeration equipment control and so on. Because the system is by controlling the state of the contact element and that a logical relationship, it is generally required many components of the control circuit, a large number of contacts. This characteristic to the line maintenance caused great difficulties. I work in practice summed up a set method --- relay contactor control system functions chain  electri cenergy meter and troubleshooting chart column method. Are presented below for reference. Relay  circuit breakers system functions chain control system wiring diagram is a schematic representation, in accordance with component action sequence, indicating that the control circuit functions chain diagram. It clearly reflects the control lines and achieve functional correspondence between, helps to understand the working principle of control lines to help control the line maintenance and troubleshooting.

Achieve significant speed difference and work into fast-forward

Mechanical power slide by the slide, slide and dual motor drive unit consists of three parts, the automatic working cycle slide by the mechanical transmission and electrical control is completed. In one cycle, to achieve the fast forward speed varies widely and work into, the ratio is usually up to 300:1. Fast forward, fast forward and rewind the motor to achieve,  power transformers  work into the motor to achieve. When the fast-forward into the motor while the motor and engineering work, the fast forward speed of the fast forward speed of the original plus a Work Speeds, rewind,  circuit breakers to the original speed minus a work into speed. Feed motor for the job, M2 is fast motion motor trip switch for the in situ conversion work for the end of the feed limit switch limit switch limit switch to limit protection. Off electromagnetic brake brake brake solenoid.

Design is relatively simple control circuit has a large advantage when

This shows that concrete and effective circuit design students and trainees learning in the larger problems. In the relay control circuit design, many designers are using empirical design method. This method is relatively simple in the design of the control lines that greater advantages, but in the design of more complex control  electric transformer the show some limitations. First, the high requirements for designers, designers need to be familiar variety of typical industrial systems control lines and rich practical experience and design skills accumulation; Second, the design of low power transformers , in engineering applications is inconvenient, requiring designers in the design process should be repeated to revise and improve, through continuous testing demonstrated to meet the requirements of production process, spend a lot of time and effort;

A direct impact on production efficiency and production efficiency

The main role of relay control circuit for the production of mechanical services, is the production machinery in the production process an important and indispensable component. In automatic production lines or machine control using relay control many of the electrical control circuit, the actual production, relay control  mcb circuit breaker  is reliable, reasonable, stable, and a direct impact on production efficiency and production efficiency. We engaged in maintenance electrician school-enterprise  electri cenergy meter  and practical teaching skills training process, found that many students and trainees, and even a lot of actual production experienced front-line electrician, how to design a reasonable aspects relay control circuit exists over large gaps.

Electrical components in the circuit in which the state and the connection method

The relay contactor control circuit is composed of the switching circuit. In the circuit, electrical components only two states: coils or power, contact closure or disconnected. This "opposition" in two different states, you can use the logical value means, that can be used to switch algebra (logic algebra) to describe these electrical components in the circuit in which the state and the connection method.  electri cenergy meter , contactors, solenoids, solenoid valves, electromagnetic clutches and other components, the coil is energized to define their "l" status, loss of power for the "0" state; For buttons, limit switch elements  electric meter  pressed to "l "state and resume the" 0 "state; the contact element to provide a closed contact state is" l "state, the contact open state to" O "state. Element coil and its normally open contact state with the same ~ character representation such as K; while its normally closed contact state with the character of the "non" to indicate if element is "l" status, it means that its coil "power ", the relay pull its normally open contact closure, the normally closed contacts disconnect. If the element is a "O" state, and the opposite.

Power line should be connected at the upper end of the knife seat switch

Hand to promote the operating handle knife inserted into the trigger circuit is turned on when the static outlet. Knife switch very versatile, often used as lighting circuit power switch can also be used 5.5kW less infrequent motor starting and stopping control. The rated voltage of 250V and 500V, rated current range of 10 ~ 100A. It  air circuit breaker  that the power line should be connected to the upper end of the switch blade base, and the load is connected to the other end of the melt under the blade.  mcb circuit breaker  is a manual, short turn small current electrical switches, generally with automatic reset function, typically used on and off control circuit.

Knife Switch Knife Switch is the easiest, the most widely used electrical

In construction, machinery, chemicals and other industrial and agricultural production process automation universal electric drive production machinery to achieve automatic control of the production process. Using relays, contactors, push buttons, air switch, limit switch and other low-voltage electrical control circuit consisting  Electric energy meter contactor control circuit. It is the most common form of control, has low price structure is simple, practical, and easy maintenance features. Knife Switch Knife mcb circuit breaker  easiest, the most widely used electrical appliances, the most common is porcelain knife switch knife switch bottom plastic cover. It consists of power line seat, moving contact blades, fuses, load terminal blocks, ceramic floor, static contact, bakelite cover and other components.

Mathematical derivation of error-prone, is not practical

In the design of the relay - contactor control circuit frequently encountered when multiple occurrences of the same label contacts phenomenon, and cost savings in order to simplify the circuit design must be simplified for contacts. In the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification, the specific methods are logical expressions simplification and experience Simplification, the former requires the designer has a  air circuit breaker  derivation ability, when the control circuit is more complex, due to the logical expression too cumbersome and error-prone process of mathematical deduction, is not practical; latter mainly depends on the designer's electrical controls design experience, the results are often not the most  circuit breakers  circuits. Therefore, to find a theory is relatively simple, uncomplicated application simplification tool for relay - contactor control circuit design is important. I will be commonly used in electronic circuit simplification Karnaugh map used in the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification to study the Karnaugh map in the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification of the application.

Minterms tissue squares arranged in a matrix of a given

To this end, teachers use their spare time professional ministry conducted a series of experiments in teaching technology innovation. Introduction of these innovations are teaching experimental device. First, the experimental device attempts to make the first phase of "electrical operation and control" programs and courses motor  Voltage stabilizer  control relay can be well carried out integrated teaching, it has n variable function of the 2n minterms organizations arranged in a grid  electri cenergy meter  in the adjacent minimum term (with adjacent items) using adjacency law simplification in 2003 made ​​50 relay contacts multifunction control panel, four M7120 surface grinder, 4 X62W universal milling machine electrical control simulation board.

Sensor technology, networking, wireless communications and other technology to promote the development of wireless sensor

In recent years, as one of the most basic skills to obtain information: sensor technology, because of its great value by the industry and academia great weight. Sensor technology, networking, wireless communications and other technology to promote the development of  mcb circuit breaker  networks produce and change, while expanding the ability of people to access information, the objective world of the physical  power transformers  data technology, the next generation network will provide people with real direct and effective information. This article first wireless sensor networks a brief overview, and then on the positioning of wireless sensor networks are introduced.

It is widely used, a fixed network structure has been unable to meet the new needs of the application

Determine the location of the incident or the access to information is a sensor network node position one of the most basic functions. As the wireless sensor network research, their applications become more widespread, a fixed network structure has been unable to meet the new needs of the application, the introduction of  mcb circuit breaker  extends the wireless sensor applications, but it also brings technical challenges. Currently, the mobile node localization in wireless sensor networks has become one of the hot research. This paper first discusses the wireless  power transformers  node positioning the basic principles, review its own positioning algorithm for wireless sensor networks, performance evaluation and classification methods, and the current thinking based on Monte Carlo localization mobile node localization algorithm are summarized. Next, Monte Carlo  air circuit breaker algorithm for posterior density values ​​in the larger area of ​​the small number of samples, the algorithm requires a lot of samples in order to achieve better positioning effect, this paper proposes an approach based on Monte Carlo Voronoi diagram positioning algorithm (MCVD, monte carlo localization based on Voronoi diagram).

Indoor positioning mobile wireless sensor network node localization algorithm important application areas

Classification and basic positioning algorithm performance evaluation criteria; then move on wireless sensor network node localization algorithm research status are described, explained the existing major mobile wireless sensor network node localization algorithms.  circuit breakers , the study focused on the RSSI-based ranging technology, indoor positioning algorithms. Indoor positioning mobile wireless sensor  electric meter node localization algorithm important applications. This paper analyzes the actual RSSI signal characteristics in the indoor environment, the paper  Air circuit breaker  a number of the signal transmission loss models and scenes fingerprinting positioning method combines positioning strategy, while ensuring accuracy while improving efficiency.

Are required increasingly to a mobile sensor node

In various applications of sensor networks, monitoring is required after the event is an important issue of concern is that the incident took place, there is no location information for  mcb circuit breaker  message is meaningless. With the development of wireless sensor network technology, more and more applications require sensor nodes have mobility. Although wireless sensor network localization algorithm has been a electri cenergy meter , but  electric meter  for the mobile node localization algorithm not more. This paper introduces the basic concepts of wireless sensor networks, architecture and its application; On this basis, further information on the wireless sensor network node localization related concepts.

Wireless sensor networks continue to expand the scope of application

In wireless sensor networks, location technology can not only determine the location of nodes in the network itself, but also for monitoring and control target tracking basis. As wireless sensor networks continue to expand the scope of application,  electric meter  positioning technology put forward higher requirements, just focus on positioning accuracy and energy efficiency indicators positioning algorithm (or system) has been unable to meet the application requirements, positioning  electri cenergy meter  has become wireless sensor networks is one of the hot issues. In the extensive research and specific, detailed  Voltage stabilizer  analysis, based on the thesis for wireless sensor network localization of key technologies - dynamic sensor network localization problem and node localization algorithm security (ie, security positioning) issues in-depth analysis and simulation research.

The wireless sensor network technology with the military command automation system integration

Wireless sensor networks as a new information access platform, real-time monitoring and collection targets to be monitored within a certain region of a variety of information,  mcb circuit breaker people interact with the real world, the ability to remotely. This technique is not only widely used in environmental monitoring, smart home, intelligent  power transformers  and disaster protection and other fields, but the wireless sensor network technology and the military command automation system (C4ISR) integration, to form a global coverage by the wireless sensor networks, information networks and seamless network consisting of warring network will greatly improve the overall performance of the combat system.

Effectively compensate for static wireless sensor network adaptability

Currently, wireless sensor network node localization studies focused on stationary node localization studies on the localization of the mobile node is relatively small.  power transformers application scenarios, the deployment of the network will be different. If the static deployment of wireless sensor networks have the ability to move  mcb circuit breaker can effectively compensate for static  Circuit breaker  networks, poor adaptability, not dynamic networking and other shortcomings, to further expand the scope of application of wireless sensor networks and resilience, enabling wireless sensor network deployment more flexible. Therefore, the mobile wireless sensor network node localization problem has important significance.

Institutions operating characteristics and arc motion characteristics were analyzed

The agency tested the circuit breaker operating characteristics and arc moving process, and agencies operating characteristics and arc movement characteristics were analyzed, and the short-circuit breaking capacity circuit breaker concrete improvement measures. For the circuit breaker  electric meter  mechanism and arc system models. Circuit breaker trip unit detects the fault current tripping command is issued immediately after the drive  circuit breakers  breaking action agencies (a) arc system (b) Figure 1 circuit breaker operating mechanism operating mechanism and arc system model sports in driving the moving contact breaker for breaking operation, carried out by the circuit breaker interrupter system off until the fault current interrupter.

Adapt marine circuit breaker short-circuit breaking capacity continues to increase

Circuit breaker of the ship power system is one important basic components, it bears a ship power system for the distribution task, their work is directly related to the reliability of the entire ship power system security, and short-circuit breaking  circuit breakers is marine Circuit Breaker important technical performance indicators. With the new ship power station  power transformers  is increasing, and requirements with  Voltage stabilizer circuit breaker short-circuit breaking capacity continues to increase. Based on a Model 1000A rated current of the circuit breaker in the different marine currents and short-circuit interrupter different conditions (such as the number of arc chute piece gas production materials) Experimental Research.

Circuit breaking capacity data very accurate

Electrical engineers in the design, product samples in the circuit breaker to see short-circuit breaking capacity is the manufacturer under specified conditions breaker breaking capacity values, but compared to the terrestrial ship power plant capacity is small,  electri cenergy meter capacity are generally in 1000kW follows , when it is a short circuit occurs, the power factor is between 0.1 to 0.2, and thus product samples in the short-circuit breaking capacity  electric meter precise data, the need for  mcb circuit breaker  to ship on conversion factor, the author in this paper put forward their own ideas for reference. Figure 1 marine generators (Caterpillar) 2 conversion circuit breaker breaking capacity manufacturing must meet GB GB14048_2_2001, this you can see the data.

Information on new materials development arc side

Especially in MCB, the DSM all of its plastic parts (including housing, operating mechanism, coil bracket and arc side) have carried out in-depth study and has a range of proven solutions. This article is about the content of new materials development arc side, the purpose is to find a more optimal material formulations and solutions.  mcb circuit breaker  the other companies might be called reflective plate, gas tablets, interrupter piece, every arc tablets. We MCB circuit breaking process is divided into  power transformers , the first phase of the contact to open the front, from the short circuit fault detection mechanism detects the drive to blurt  Voltage stabilizer  open; second phase of the contact is opened, and the arc Road running along the arc into the arc chamber stage, called the arc before the cooling stage;

Functional and technical requirements, have been put into installation

A three-phase smart meter outside the control of the technical requirements phase smart meter built on the State Grid Corporation of nine companies on technical standards, with a unified style, functional and technical requirements, have been put to install, use, is a new  circuit breakers  apparatus. State Grid-phase intelligent power meter terminal 13 for the trip normally open terminal, terminal 14 common terminal for the trip, the 15th terminal is  electri cenergy meter  terminal of the trip. Tripping control terminal can output pulse mode or level mode switching signal, the switch node capacity AC 250 V, 2 A, control external alarm device or switch.

Closing fees restoration and other remote control and local control functions fees

In the expansion of information collection system application stage, generally require the operator control functions support costs and achieve real-time billing for power users,  mcb circuit breaker  fee warning, trip blackouts, closing fees restoration and other remote control and local control functions fees, comprehensive tariff increases risk control capability. Load switch control function is achieved fees key  Voltage stabilizer in high-current three-phase direct access to smart energy meter (eg IMAX60 A) generally use an external switch mode. Direct  electric meter the three-phase smart meter, the connection of an external power switch generally small, usually used miniature circuit breakers, consider using the input supply voltage electricity lines, three-phase smart meter direct drive within the micro-relay MCB way.

The plateau voltage electrical applications environment has become a must delve into the issue

With increasing depth of western development, the high altitude environment low voltage electrical applications have become a must delve into the issue. As the country's total land area occupies 26% of the plateau region, MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker, MCB) in ensuring rapid economic development, people's living well-being plays an essential role. In this paper, the plateau environment for miniature circuit breakers (MCB) Product performance and the special requirements of corresponding  mcb circuit breaker  launched exploration and research. 1 plateau environment and on the main features of the principal effects of low-voltage electrical  electric meter  all over the country inland elevation maps to observe, generally in the western region 2km above sea level, high altitude climate characteristics to the normal use of low-voltage electrical impact can not be ignored . Plateau natural  Circuit breaker and plain (or called Lowland) compared to the climate are the following characteristics: low pressure and low oxygen. The higher the altitude, the thinner the air, the lower the air pressure, usually every increase of altitude 100m, a decrease of approximately atmospheric pressure 786Pa (5.9mmHg);

Escape the normal leakage current of the grid in case selection should be selected small

Residual current operated protective devices escaped grid current value in the case of normal leakage current selection should be selected small to accommodate personal and equipment safety requirements. A final protective action current value of the setting the final stage  power transformers  protection device rated operating current is based on the shock caused by ventricular fibrillation current limit  Electric transformer  to prevent electric shock, personal direct contact with the main purpose, according to the "rural low voltage power technical regulations" requirements for household appliances, fixed installation electrical appliances, mobile appliances and temporary power equipment, the rated residual operating current is 30mA; handheld electric appliance of its action is 10mA;

Residual current operated protective devices with automatic power-off protection

Residual current operated protective devices to prevent physical shock casualty one of effective measures, but also to prevent electrical fires caused by the leakage and electrical equipment damage technical measures. Residual current operated protective devices with automatic  Circuit breaker , used in direct contact with the protection of the basic protection against electric shock hazard additional protection  circuit breakers  in indirect contact protection for preventing ground fault occurs electrical equipment exposed conductive parts dangerous voltages caused lasting shock hazards or continuous arc current electrical fire hazards. With  electri cenergy meter in rural areas, we have widely adopted Taiwan Chief Protector, intermediate branch circuit protection devices and final stage protectors three configurations.

Current protective devices in the line I residual current action value

Current value increases to the left thermistor excessive current does not flow through damage.  Voltage stabilizer  devices in the line I residual current action value, the residual voltage returns to normal after the protector can normally closed off the flow protection, which play a protective role. "With the text used in the actual  power transformers of pressure sensitive resistor should be soldered on zero sequence currents "varistors and zero sequence current transformer transformer two  electric meter the diagonal. In accordance with this pick and pick "'' varistors and zero-sequence current transformer method, the choices may be appropriate to reduce the capacity of the varistor in parallel to the welding schematic" and contradict each other.

Relay control to microprocessor control

Microprocessors and microcomputers has been rapid development and application development, which allows the rapid spread of computer technology, penetrate into all areas of the national economy, science and technology to make a significant change to make automatic control technology a new look, but also to continue the traditional  mcb circuit breaker  controlled to change  power transformers . One from the relay control to microprocessor control is well known, industrial automation and control, including two aspects: 1. Automatic operation: instead of manual labor, machinery, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic and other automatic operation; 2 automatic control: instead of people judgment and control, with automatic control  Circuit breaker  and control, automatic mechanical movement command. In the field of automatic control, sequence control device called the sequence controller. In power plants, steel mills, machining automatic lines and other industrial fields, accounting for a significant proportion of the sequential control.

Regulators generally applicable to home appliances as well as less demanding power regulator

A class regulator is automatic voltage regulator tap changing its voltage accuracy of ± 10%, the product price is relatively low, the regulator accuracy is also slightly lower. This regulator is suitable for families as well as general electrical  electri cenergy meter  regulator less demanding types of household appliances. Another power regulator is  air circuit breaker  voltage regulator, voltage  electric meter  its more upscale Dashi 5% regulation accuracy can, of course, price is correspondingly higher, this type of regulator can be used for high-and intelligent household appliances.

As the voltage is low and the air conditioning does not start

With the increasing levels of modern life, the growing popularity of home appliances, household electricity consumption is rising, particularly in the summer and winter load  mcb circuit breaker , resulting in a number of household appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners and other low and unable to start due to voltage so many families are  air circuit breaker the power regulator. Purchase and rational use of power regulator is a very important issue, if properly matching, it may damage the regulator and household equipment, the domestic launch of various types of power regulators, the internal circuit structure can mainly be divided into two categories.

Overcurrent protection functions integrated LDO power regulator is prone to latch-up problems

In addition to performance to meet the power requirements of the product, the power supply itself is also very important protective measures, that is, to prevent over-current LDO output due to overload or short circuit caused by accidental damage protection measures. However, certain over-current protection with Integrated LDO power  mcb circuit breaker is prone to latch-up problems affecting its normal use, also requires the designer to give perfect. In the National Natural Science  Circuit breaker of China and the Sichuan Provincial Fund under academic leaders we studied the power management chip, we first analyzed the two traditional methods overcurren  power transformers and the advantages and disadvantages, based on this study and put forward a kind of high performance LDO based overcurrent protection circuit, this protection circuit can not only reliably protect the chip, but also reduce system power consumption and improving the integrated regulator latch

Rapid development makes electronic products become smaller

LSI makes the rapid development of electronic products become smaller, prompting a portable electronic products such as mushroom  electric meter flourish, constantly adding new features and capabilities, making electronic products become more complex, as the operation of  electric transformer core - the power is facing a growing challenge. LDO power regulator low dropout and low noise characteristics make it a portable electronic device market has an irreplaceable role, so the research and improve performance of LDO has great significance.

DC regulator, can be used to represent the basic composition

Found in practice, microprocessor-controlled power regulator is not to say all respects superior to analog circuits, but there are some effects are difficult to achieve in analog circuits. First, the control process  Circuit breaker  regulator or DC voltage regulator, can be used to represent the basic components. In "There is difference adjustment" line is to debug the  circuit breakers when the input voltage rating, load rating,  Electric energy meter to standard output bits. When the work environment changed (refers to the input voltage or load is no longer rated value), the output voltage will deviate from the standard who output value.

As far as electrical mechanical action fast response

Power regulator from the current status quo, whether it is AC or DC, mostly analog circuitry to adjust. In this type of control circuit, the circuit quiescent operating point due to the restrictions, usually only achieve "a poor adjustment" process. Unless a person has a memory  power transformers added components, such as stepper motors. But  electric meter brings a lot of extra trouble, such as a stepping motor, not only more difficult to control, and because of Voltage stabilizer action far less electrical fast response, and affect regulation accuracy. As microprocessor judgment and memory function that makes use of microprocessor supply voltage to achieve stability control in the "no difference adjustment" possible.

Resulting from the use of the regulator pour a lot of damage to appliances

Supply voltage fluctuation is too large, it will cause instability in the performance of household appliances, shortening its life, and even cause damage. To solve such problems, various power regulator came into being. Many consumers in order to protect high-end appliances from voltage  Circuit breaker damage choose to use the power regulator. However, the real regulator to protect small household appliances,  air circuit breaker the use of the regulator appliance damage is not quite rare. Occurrence of such phenomenon is mainly sold on the market power regulator poor product quality. Because low-tech power regulator, the production process is relatively simple, to imitation, counterfeiting and other provides a convenient. Some product  mcb circuit breaker assembled with defective regulator, although the price is extremely "cheap", but poor performance board, there is no protection appliances role. Even better quality power supply regulator, only in a certain voltage fluctuation range, beyond the scope of its work, but also ineffective.

Buck resulting small voltage signal from the collection and measurement of electrical energy measurement IC

Single-phase electronic watt-hour meter Principle and characteristics of single-phase electronic watt-hour meter is a measure of the core part of the chip, with some peripheral devices to achieve energy  circuit breakers . Current sampling using shunt resistors; voltage circuit RC Buck fixed network; two loop current sampling, the resulting small voltage step-down signal from the collection and measurement of  mcb circuit breaker  energy measurement IC, the output electrical pulse is used to verify the accuracy and to  power transformers such as automatic meter reading and driving the expansion of energy value display of degrees. Single-phase electronic watt-hour meter main features: error stability, good linearity, which is incomparable advantage of mechanical watches.

Single-phase electronic watt-hour meter annual demand

Seventies of the twentieth century, began to develop foreign electronic meter, but by the time constraints of electronic technical level, the first single-phase electronic meter for standard tables. With the rapid development of electronic technology,  Voltage stabilizer  device performance in the eighties has been a qualitative leap in the production of electronic watches abroad has made substantial progress. China in the early  Circuit breaker a spreadsheet, since 2000, the domestic single-phase electronic watt-hour meter annual demand is about more than 1700 ten thousand, accounted for almost a third of the meter market, exports also presents strong growth trend.

Type of meter is rarely a bad lightning, through research, it has distinctive features internal structure

Meanwhile, after a long analysis and comparison, also found that there is a SSW. Type of meter is rarely a bad lightning, through research, it has an internal structure of  electri cenergy meter : that its voltage coil two pinout is bare copper wire, connected in parallel to the head end of the junction box so that it forms a discharge gap, some SSW. This type of meter can be  electric meter copper traces of discharge. That it had played a role in the discharge, while protecting the meter from serious damage. We derive Air circuit breaker , modeled SSW. Voltage meter bare copper truth, we each only reconditioned single-phase voltage meter at the head of the installation of a payment terminal simple claw-type mine clearance devices.

Some meter damaged due to being struck by lightning

Thunderstorm season, lightning will bring great on the power system security threats, some due to being struck by lightning damage meter, installed in rural areas, mountainous areas of the meter is a greater chance of lightning. Was struck by lightning after some bad meter repair, they can still re-use, but some serious damage  mcb circuit breaker to repair, but can only be scrapped. A few years ago, we were struck the meter were  electri cenergy meter found meter being struck by lightning is a substantial part of the site of the junction box in the meter current coil and the voltage between the ends of the coil wire. This is due to the introduction of  power transformers lines after lightning meter, in the terminal box discharge, resulting in lightning burned terminal head, or even meltdown junction box and bracket.

Respectively, and after the power cord into the family connected

Lightning protection devices should be installed in the overhead line into the family of a low voltage into the line at the meter and low voltage electrical equipment can produce  electric meter , it is the surge arrester on each pile head into the households, respectively, after the power cord is connected down the pile head is connected to each other  circuit breakers to the ground line arrester. The spark gap Voltage stabilizer and zinc oxide arrester valve, wiring lines roughly the same, but also a three-phase power supply is connected to the other end of the ground together, lightning meter wiring lines.

For remote encoding and decoding standard IC

Infrared remote control has been used in most household appliances, many manufacturers have used remote encoding and decoding standard integrated circuits, however, these circuits flexibility and variability by these transmitters / receivers  mcb circuit breaker limit, and circuit complexity. Electronic power meter is developed a new type of meter, it has many advantages, to achieve remote electronic meter that does not use the standard circuit complexity, and the development of  air circuit breaker meter with matching dedicated remote transmit and receive circuitry. Main part of the circuit to a frequency tunable Electric transformer circuit and a transmission consisting of the preamplifier by the remote control receiving circuit consisting of components.

The new and improved table more compact and lightweight, power consumption is also smaller

Mixed roll into the circuit electrical degrees decline 2.0 The basic principle in this table have been previously published, but the circuit is more streamlined to make it easier to integrate, the biggest  circuit breakers voltage transformer and pulse motor is also smaller, so new and improved the table is more compact, lighter, power consumption electric meter . Hybrid integrated circuit using the circuit diagram of a single-phase meter. IC: is a diode array type quarter square multiplier for power DC current converter. T: 1 and Tr: the two complementary transistors, each diode emitter has a resistor array, and each of the emitter current is proportional to the square of the voltage input to the base.

Engaged in industrial use to correct energy measurement is accurate

People tend to think there is no problem as long as the meter and turn electricity meter is calculating apparatus. Industrial and life are inseparable from how much power meter mcb circuit breaker . The right to engage in industrial, energy measurement is accurate. Therefore, the meter aluminum plate is inverted, electri cenergy meter worker sometimes not Circuit breaker to analyze the wiring diagram, maintenance meter wiring, only that is the voltage phase sequence is wrong, free exchange in which the three-phase voltage line two phases. Once you turn right, you think everything is normal. This is totally wrong.

PC and microcontroller AT89C51 using up a meter automatic error handling system

Meter as a measuring tool in the production and use of its measurement accuracy is required during testing, the authors use PC and MCU AT89C51 constitute a meter automatic error handling system, which can simultaneously detect multiple meter, and of the measured data are processed, with automatic and efficient features. 2 System Components meter  mcb circuit breaker  handling system consists of a host (PC machines) and multiple testing machine (AT89C51) linked together in serial communication, the network structure. The host is responsible Circuit breaker , command input, test data processing, electri cenergy meter , data query and report printing. Detector sent to the receiving host various parameters and commands sent by the host command and press work, automatic detection, and detection of data back to the host.

Calibration current maximum rated current calibration

Choosing a Home meter should be the main consideration of its rated voltage, frequency, calibration current and the maximum rated current, meter appearance four aspects. 1 collar rated voltage of the constant voltage  Circuit breaker be home in the same supply voltage,  power transformers  meter is rated at 220V. (2) Power frequency of household alternating current frequency is typically 50 Hz, 50 Hz should be used in labeled (or 50Hz) of the meter. 3 Calibration current maximum rated current meter  electric meter current is nominal current, the general said, 3A, SA, 10A is the calibration current. According to meter manufacturing requirements, when the current through the meter calibration current 5% or less, the meter is not accurate measurement.

In the meter aluminum plate is inverted, maintenance worker sometimes not required to analyze the wiring diagram

The right to engage in industrial, energy measurement is accurate. Therefore, the meter aluminum plate is inverted, maintenance worker sometimes not required to analyze the wiring diagram, maintenance meter wiring, only that is the voltage phase sequence is wrong,  electri cenergy meter in which the three-phase voltage line two phases. Once you turn right, you think everything is normal. This is totally wrong. Now only three-phase three-wire active energy meter when connected via current  air circuit breaker wiring for an analysis. 2 meter wiring is correct wiring analysis phase two components Power Meter Voltage stabilizer voltage and current (symmetric) vector diagram of three-phase three-wire power supply system, generally three-phase three-wire active energy meter to measure Three-phase active energy.

Found some meter load carried, while significant, aluminum disk speed is very low

Meter issues that arise in the use of electricity meter is calculating apparatus. Industrial and life are inseparable from how much power meter measurement. To engage in industrial electricity, I have discovered that some meter load carried, while significant,  air circuit breaker  speed is very low, will not achieve the load carried by the requirements. Sometimes  mcb circuit breaker speed, or even reversed. After checking the meter itself, fully meet the technical requirements of the table.  Circuit breaker  tend to believe that there is no problem as long as the meter and turn electricity meter is calculating apparatus. Industrial and life are inseparable from how much power meter measurement.

All turbine power station terminal measures the total power generation

Calculate energy production quantity indicators. All the generating units in the power plant's total power generation of terminal  Circuit breaker , in addition to hydropower, coal, oil, electricity, natural gas and nuclear power, but also includes geothermal, solar, wind, tidal and wave power generation and other energy types, as well as  mcb circuit breaker  renewables and waste generation. Including electricity generation capacity is only designed for power plants and combined heat and power plant  power transformers . Units of kW · h. According to the generator side meter readings every 24 points in punctuality meter, watt-hour meter is obtained and the previous 24-point difference between the readings, and then multiplied by the meter factor, namely the turbine generating capacity.

Standard who was seized with current transformer current transformer in series

Head measurement methods are: the use of check station conditioning equipment, in the actual working condition test transformer measured error value. Who will be marked when measuring current  electri cenergy meter  current transformer connected in series was seized calibration sets current output circuit, was seized with standard voltage  electric meter and voltage transformer is connected to the calibration sets the voltage output circuit. Measuring current transformer error, the output voltage of the calibration units transferred rating, and keep the current value of each current transformer to change the same.

By conventional meter calibration of AC current transformers and voltage Taichung transformer test

By conventional meter calibration of AC current transformers and voltage Taichung transformer test, usually only given in the load factor to persuade rate of 1 or 0.8 when the error data. But check station installed in the meter, it's actual load and power factor  mcb circuit breaker  with test status, and check the wiring inside the station stick together and  air circuit breaker  pressure drop and so may deviate from the original value of the actual error, so without reference to the certificate when the transformer test data on the exchange into JJG307 a 82 meter jump comprehensive error in verification procedures can make the results of the formula is not consistent with the actual situation.

3 sets of magnetic latching relay as an intelligent AC contactor no arc body

Under its control, small size, energy, materials, etc., with 3 sets of magnetic latching relay as an intelligent AC contactor no arc body, with a microcontroller as the core of the intelligent  mcb circuit breaker , the formation of a new type of intelligent AC contactor no arc makers. article describes its control principle, control method,  power transformers and control hardware implementations. works with 3 sets of magnetic latching relay as a smart no-arc AC contactor circuit control ontology main circuit wiring diagram.

Currently no arc AC contactor for the research work has progressed

AC contactor is the main electrical control of one of its breaking circuit process produces not only cause arcing contact wear strong, reducing the electrical life, and is one of the main contact welding. Though there arc AC contactors for  electri cenergy meter  work has been progress, but because of the cost, limiting the arc AC contactor without promotion. magnetic latching relay is to meet the requirements of low power electronic  circuit breakers  and developed a new control electronics, also known as magnetic atresia appliances or pulse relay it works with  air circuit breaker  neutral style polarized relay similar to its distinguishing feature is simply passed through the coil in a certain direction, a certain amount of current pulses can be achieved contacts conversion, that using pulses to drive the relay, in the coil power (pulse disappears) would be achieved in self-holding function.

Pollution of the grid and radio dry worries

For contact interrupter system presents a simple, high reliability, low cost, excellent performance solution. The program retains the advantages of the original contacts, eliminating the switching process in the arc sparks overcome the pollution of the grid and its radio dry worry avoid breaking inductive load generated when the overpressure shock,  electri cenergy meter  increased operating frequency, the AC contactor life expectancy has increased several times, for a  circuit breakers  of electronic control systems and power distribution system provides a highly reliable components.

The most widely used low-voltage electrical

Can be achieved without breaking the arc of the new AC contactor. Contactor is considered a long work system, use one of the most widely used low-voltage electrical appliances, but the general contactor its  air circuit breaker  system (dynamic and static contact and arc chute, etc.) are present conventional design can not be  mcb circuit breaker . Its contacts in the circuit breaking current, will inevitably produce an arc, while the AC contactor electrical life of reason is far less than its mechanical life,  electric meter  the process of breaking arc presence in, no arc breaking aspect also in the past, a lot of research in this area, the same as reliability, cost, program complexity and other reasons, molding products on the market is also rare.

The promotion of energy-saving technologies surface is small, the penetration rate is not high

Not only saves energy, but also significantly reduce noise and temperature, and can extend the life of AC contactor. AC contactor energy-saving technology with a very large economic and social benefits. Currently on the market already exists AC contactor saving  mcb circuit breaker  a lot, but because of the problems have not been solved, leading to the promotion of electri cenergy meter echnologies surface is small, the penetration rate is not high. This thesis around the country AC contactor manufacturers and based on a survey of user needs, using self-designed a conversion program to achieve varying the duty cycle of the AC contactor energy ASIC chip ZDLX.

Towers, high voltage switch

Modern industrial production common electrical equipment, is a wide range of large strong electric switch, its working principle is to use alternating current flowing through the coil generates a magnetic field, electromagnetic suction contacts the contactor closes,  mcb circuit breaker  current loads (such as electrical motors, etc.) to power work. According to the working  power transformers  of AC contactor, when the AC  Voltage stabilizer  in the state retention, the AC current through the coil of the contactor will consume about tens of watts of energy consumption. Since China put into operation in large and medium-capacity AC contactor huge number, so the total annual energy consumption up amazing energy-saving technologies such contacts is to make contacts in the DC mode operation.

Improve the structure and enhance electrical low-voltage AC contactor

Research can improve the contact material, improve the structure and enhance electrical low-voltage AC contactor electrical performance to provide support. Firstly, the use of area array CCD camera based on low-voltage AC contactor switch arcing  electri cenergy meter image  electric transformer  system for low-voltage AC contactor switching arc to arc extinction from a series of images for the collection, and then use the adaptive  electric meter  algorithm collected from the low-voltage AC contactor arc images were de-noising and sharpening method Laplace edge of the image as well as the arc details were sharpening.

As a basic kit is widely used in various production sectors

Low-voltage electrical AC contactor is an important part of it as a basic kit is widely used in various production sectors. In the low-voltage AC contactor is closed and breaking  electri cenergy meter  circuits, it will produce an arc between the contacts. Low-voltage AC contactor switch arc in its arc instantaneously reaches a high temperature, and thus would adversely affect low-voltage AC contactor  circuit breakers , reduce the reliability of their products and reduce their electrical life. This paper studies the low-voltage AC contactor switch arc arcing during the arc diameter variations and temperature variations and distribution and low-voltage AC contactor switch arc was simulated.

Fault detection device according to the operation signal given rapidly and reliably cut off the power

When the system fails, it can according to the fault detection element given action signal, quickly and reliably cut off the power, and a low-pressure release function, and  electri cenergy meter  of electrical combinations make all kinds of electromagnetic launcher. AC contactor mcb circuit breaker is simple, variety, work performance, use of large, wide range of applications. In the low-pressure system has a large  circuit breakers  of energy through the exchange of contacts assigned to a variety of electrical devices. Large, medium and small capacity AC contactor retention time in the active power consumed even hundreds of watts to tens of watts.

Simulated load and computer control hardware design of three parts

Describes the electrical life test device power, analog load and the computer control hardware design of three parts. Detailed analysis of the AC contactor is closed under different conditions and breaking contact when the voltage across the loop current si circuit breakers  and study the AC1 ~ AC4 work system under the control of timing. Applications Advantech data  mcb circuit breaker  card for the main circuit voltage, current situation in real time. In the control software, respectively, to complete DOS and Windows platforms control software design, implementation, AC contactor is closed and disconnected moments voltage and current waveforms dynamic display.

Proposed pull dynamic control process concept and to study different excitation voltage

The intelligent AC contactor pull-depth process of real (test) experimental studies and theoretical analysis, the pull process dynamics control concepts and research at different excitation voltages, different closing phase angle, a different  mcb circuit breaker  scheme case contactor dynamic characteristics. In a large number of dynamic characteristics test basis, explore the optimal control scheme, to  electric transformer  reduce the pull process and elimination of contact bounce impact core purpose. Intelligent AC contactor zero current breaking research, and to achieve a  air circuit breaker  circuit breaking control of micro-arc energy. Based on the large number of tests to study the impact on the current through zero-off control of the main factors, thereby increasing the current through zero off control reliability.

AC contactor is in the state of sorption

The contact is closed, in order to control high current loads purpose of the work. According to the working principle of AC contactor, when the AC contactor in the state  Voltage stabilizer , the AC current through the AC contactor coil will consume some energy. For example, a CJ20-250A AC contactor, according to one day work 8h, 1 years 300 days of work, the annual  circuit breakers consumption for the 156kW · h. As our country is running a large, medium-capacity AC contactor large number of  power transformers  energy consumption up very alarming. Therefore, AC contactor saving technology with a very large economic and social benefits. AC contactor is to make energy-saving technologies in the DC contactor mode operation.

Running large and medium-capacity AC contactor huge number

Put into operation in large and medium-capacity AC contactor huge number, so the total annual energy consumption up amazing energy-saving technologies such contacts is to make contacts in the DC mode operation, so that not only save energy, but also  electric transformer  reduce noise and  electric meter , and can extend the life of AC contactor. AC contactor energy-saving technology with a very large economic and social benefits. Currently on the market already exists AC contactor saving  electri cenergy meter  a lot, but because of the problems have not been solved, leading to the promotion of energy-saving technologies surface is small, the penetration rate is not high. This thesis around the country AC contactor manufacturers and based on a survey of user needs.

Obvious impact on the grid voltage and the contact bouncing and other shortcomings

Performance is relatively stable, but the existence of long-term use coil energy consumption, core pull unrighteousness noise, significantly affected by the grid voltage and the contact bouncing and other  circuit breakers . Particularly mechanical contacts breaking process, there is the phenomenon of making contact welding arc discharge ablation, and the greater the power switch electrical wear the more serious. Above its  electri cenergy meter  in the harsh conditions of the main factors index is not high, thus mechanical life and electrical life are greatly affected.  Voltage stabilizer  AC contactor AC contactor for improving the electromagnetic system and the active power consumed reactive power, in recent years the emergence of many energy-saving solutions and products.

Microcontroller as the core of the intelligent control system combines

Proposed contactor contacts are not synchronized system structure, and with a microcontroller as the core of the intelligent control system combined with intelligent AC contactor control the whole process of dynamic optimization. The intelligent AC contactor pull-depth process of real (test) experimental studies and theoretical analysis, the pull process dynamics control concepts and research at different  mcb circuit breaker , different closing phase angle, a different process control scheme case contactor dynamic characteristics. In a large number of dynamic characteristics test basis, explore the optimal control scheme, to significantly reduce the pull process and  electri cenergy meter  of contact bounce impact core purpose. Intelligent AC contactor zero current breaking research, and to achieve a  air circuit breaker  circuit breaking control of micro-arc energy. Based on the large number of tests to study the impact on the current through zero-off control of the main factors, thereby increasing the current through zero off control reliability.

Already on the market AC contactor lot of energy to run programs

AC contactor energy-saving technology with a very large economic and social benefits. Currently on the market already saving operation AC contactor program a lot, but the promotion of  electri cenergy meter  technology was fairly small, the penetration rate is not high. The main reason for this situation are: saving attachments to occupy some or adjust  circuit breakers  auxiliary contacts; Some energy-saving programs is still not perfect, it may reduce the work of AC contactor reliability, performance indicators, and life.

Smart appliances used in laboratory research with direct-acting rotary optical and electrical appliances dynamic

Introduced this smart appliances used in laboratory research with direct-acting electromechanical rotary solenoid electrical appliances dynamic testing devices. The test device in the current domestic and international electrical testing technology has  electric transformer  the forefront. However, the test device can only achieve a sampling rate of 10 samples per  circuit breakers  or so, but limited by its  air circuit breaker , the test accuracy can not be improved. This article describes the use of self-developed high-speed camera PCO1200S intelligent AC contactor dynamic testing devices. Using this device for smart AC contactor kinematic patterns for testing.

Analysis and design of low-voltage electrical appliances and intelligent products

Because dynamic characteristic test conditions, is currently in the analysis and design of low-voltage electrical appliances and intelligent products, it is still mainly uses low-voltage electrical traditional theory necessary theoretical derivation, analysis and calculation, and the use of a large number of empirical data, but not the actual test validation. Therefore, product design and there is a big  Electric energy meter  in actual performance, you need to repeatedly modify and test, resulting in long  electric meter  cycle, large investment funds and manpower. This is the electrical design of the status quo, difficulties and bottlenecks. With the continuous  Circuit breaker  of distribution automation, urgent need to develop rapid and accurate testing electrical dynamic characteristics, dynamic process real-time control, and is able to measure the intelligent processing of the test data devices.

Copper and iron timber underutilized capacity, economic performance is poor, and the dynamic characteristics can be further improved suction

While the kind of the electromagnetic system of simple structure, easy to process, but it did not make full use of the amount of copper and iron timber, poor economic performance, and the dynamic suction characteristic can be further improved, improved.  mcb circuit breaker  AC contactor core pole face shape change program had been made [1] (hereinafter referred to as oblique pole face AC contactor), but did not always carry out in-depth analysis of this research program, not its cost-effective intelligent  electric transformer the design. This paper studies the discovery, oblique pole face contact with the core can improve the dynamic suction  Voltage stabilizer ; calculations can be achieved by optimizing significantly reduce the core and coil to achieve and materials, reduce the volume of contacts, to improve the life of the contactor.